Composition of population

Composition of population refers to the arrangement of population according to the social characteristics like age, sex, religion, occupation and martial status. Composition of population is based on the division of social hierarchical relations. The study of population composition is very important from various points of view. They are enlisted below:

* It helps to find out the structure of population on the basis of social status.
* It helps to government and other organizations to launch the programmes and make plans and policies.
* Population composition is the pillar of demographic study. It is the base of many theories related to population.
* In some cases, special programmes should be launched for backward and deprived people. Population composition helps in it.
* Population composition helps us to know how the social organization are formed. We can know about the diversity in religion, castes and many other social structures.
The composition of population is studied according to caste, religion, age, sex, occupation, language etc. Composition of population on the basis of various charestericities is given below:
Composition of population by age
Age composition of population refers to the study of population on the basis of various age group. There are three major divisions in age composition of people.
- 0-14 years
- 15-59 years
- Above 60 years
Among these age groups, 15-59 years is known as economically active population. The other two age groups are inactive or dependent population. The age composition of population helps us to know how many people are small children, how many of them are old and how many belong to reproductively fecund age group also. But it makes the study lengthily. Therefore, demographers have made the study quinquennial.
Composition of population by sex

The structure of population on the basis of male-female distinction is known as sex composition of population. Sex composition of population can be studied in regard to how many males and how many females live in a country.

Sex composition of population helps us to know about the arrangement of population on basis of male-female distinction. It helps to make plans and policies related to upliftment of female.

Background on urbanization

Urbanization is a development process of converting villages areas into town by managing services and facilities. Urbanization brings changes in physical facilities, teaching, social aspects and some other aspects. The process of urbanization also continues in association with the process of industrial development. The urban areas is also classified as municipality, sub-metropolitan and metropolises. The major reason for urbanization is rapid population growth and the tendency toward industrialization.

The process of urbanization commences with the provision of infrastructures-physical, economic and social aspects. The unman aged urbanization causes various types of problems with results in the lack of health services, transportation, electricity and communication facilities.
On the basis of management of facilities and its Harmony with environment, urbanization can be regarded as:
* Managed urbanization and
* Unman aged urbanization
Urbanization is called managed, in which the relationship among the different components of the environment is harmonious in which we can discuss unman aged urbanization.
Thus, urbanization results to the condition of unemployment too. In urbanization process, there is a massive destruction of forests, dense housing and improper disposal of the waste which leads the unman aged urbanization to unhealthy settlement. The limited amount of resources should be shared among the people which are inadequate for large population. Unman aged urbanization leads to social disorder too. Because of over-exploitation of resources, the unman aged urbanization causes environment degradation which effects upon the environment aspects. The most effective way to minimize those problems is to maintain planned urbanization which helps to reduce the unplanned urbanization.

Aims of education

The intents of any process are generally expressed by many words such as aims, goal, purpose, objectives etc. Generally these words are used as synonyms, but in actual sense all these word carry different meaning. The exact meanings of educative process are as follows:

Aims: Aims are social execution and desires towards education. They are broad and may cover the native life.
Purpose: It expresses the intention of the learner or the society towards getting education.
Goal: Goals are the more specifically worded statements which are related to the acquisition of knowledge and skills needed for the adjustment's in life.
Objectives: These are specific statements directed toward the acquiring of specific knowledge, skill and attitude.
Idealists believe that the aim of education is self realization, where as naturalists believe that aim of education is to develop the skill of self preservation. Realists believe that the ultimate aim of education is to develop the skills to individuals, which are necessary for the attainment of pleasure in the life.

The aim of the education differs nation to nation, place to place, time to time etc. It is precisely related to the aim of life and it changes to the life situation. It may be general or specific.

Education as discipline

There is a great discussion among scholars about the entity of education as a separate discipline. Some scholars believe that education is not a separate discipline. It is only a loose combination of different disciplines such as philosophy, pedagogy, psychology etc.
A discipline is an internal body of knowledge which has distinct origin, theoretical structure, foundation and research methodology known as a product of human experience. Human beings are discovering different types of knowledge from very beginning of their own origin. They experienced the all natural phenomena around them and also find out the processes behind them. It developed a hierarchy of knowledge.
Education is a distinct disciplines which was the product of human experiences. Education originated due to the endeavor of human being to reveal the process of human learning. The main inquiry related to the origin of education as a discipline is " what are the real knowledge and how an individual acquires the knowledge" .
Education as a separate discipline is rich of the many facts, concepts, principle and laws, which furnish the theoretical structure of the discipline. All the inquiries related to field of education can be answered on the basis of those theoretical structure. All those features related to education supports the view that education is a separate discipline which has its distinct origin, theoretical structure , foundation and research methodology.

Meaning of education

Generally, education means the acquisition of knowledge, understanding, intelligence, conscience, wisdom etc. Common people think it is the process which takes place in schools and colleges and the person, who has acquired certificate from those institutions can only be termed as educated. But in the real sense, it is not limited only to schooling. There is no limit of time, place and age for the acquisition of education.

People can acquire knowledge or education everywhere, in every moment of their life without the bound of age. They can get education from every source such as schools, parents, society, colleges, mass media etc. One can acquire the needed ability, knowledge skills, attitudes and aptitude from different means.
Education is the aggregates of all experiences by which a persons develops ability, attitudes and other forms of behaviour of practical value in the society and which they live. The meaning of education can be discussed from different perspectives. In this 21 century, education is one of the most important needs in our life which takes every one towards the perfection. On the same hand, education has proved as one of the most basic need for the people .In this way, i suggest all of the person to takes education as an required need .

Hypnosis

Hypnosis is defined as the state like deep sleep in which a person's actions are controlled by another person. Production or practice of hypnosis is called hypnotism. The person who produces hypnosis on the next person is known as a hypnotist. The person on which hypnosis is produced and practised is called a subject. It is said that hypnotic trance is certainly useful and beneficial for the subjects.

There are many method of producing hypnosis; the most common method is given below.
The common procedures of producing hypnosis can be mentioned below:
* Step1: It is the stage of convincing the subject. The hypnotist tries to convince the subject by explaining the advantages of it.
* Step2: It is the stage of preparing and setting physical component's of the room. External stimulation's and disturbances are reduced to concentrate the subjects attention.
* Step3: It is the stage of light trance. The hypnotist starts suggesting the subject in a soft endless voice. The subject fallows his suggestions closing the eyes. At the stage, simple suggestions are given.
* Step4: It is the stage of the deep trance. The hypnotist starts giving difficult suggestion progressively. The subject cannot listen other speech's and sounds expect the suggestion given by the hypnotist.
It is said that the subject certainly gets benefits if he goes to the hypnotic trance. It is believed that some nervous infirmities can be cured, but it is said that intelligence and concentration of the subject are required for the successful hypnotism. It is the method of making subjects spell bound. It is like a magic for the subjects.

Women rights

A man and a women are two wheels of a cart. They have equal roles in making the cart move properly. If ones of the wheels id weaker, the cart can't move properly as needed. A women cannot complete her duties if she is not provided her rights. We can realize existing prejudice in our society. All the women are not provided with their rights. We van realize prevailing discrimination between men and women.

Rights are basic requirements for human beings to enhance the status. Many dead traditions ans concepts stop the women from practising their rights. The women are uneducated or illiterate feel that they are not so capable as men. They feel themselves weaker. They depend on mam members of the family. They cannot enjoy any rights ans freedom. Some of the conscious and educated women enjoy differ modes ans freedom ans rights.

Legally, many rights are provided to women. For example, they are provided with the rights to be the candidates in the election. They can go anywhere freely to get jobs. They are equally welcomed in all the sectors. Their inferiority complex Aves sous-cultural hindrances stop them from practising ans enjoying their rights. Legally, they have been provided with the right to property, right to equality, right to work, right to politics etc. Nowadays, many women in Nepal are enjoying their rights.
'Women rights' in Nepal cannot be said measurable. The status of Nepalese women is improving. Our society has also reformed the evil traditions and practices. The social values and norms which are not fair have not been changed. But the women themselves should be more alert, dynamic and constructive to enhance their status and rights.